: Relatives Clauses in the Ten Odes ( Hanging Poems / Al Mu’allaqat), a semantic grammatical study

Abstract

In this study, entitled the Relatives Clauses in the Ten Odes ( Hanging Poems / Al-Mu’allaqat), the researcher tried to identify the importance of Al-Mu’allaqat with respect to senior grammarians, such as Sibawayh and Thalab, in addition to the relative pronouns in the grammatical lesson, clarifying its types and characteristics in light of the scholars' viewpoints. The study also explained how relative pronouns could not be separated from the relative clause. The researcher then dealt with the relative pronouns in Al- Mu’allaqat, using the statistical inductive method, listing them in a special chart. As well, the study has clarified the grammatical locations of the relative pronouns and relative letters. After that, it continued to list the relative pronouns inside semantic fields, such as pride, war and ruins and other sentimental topics usually addressed by poets. The study displayed also the semantics of the relative pronoun and its effect on the poems in light of context theory and the semantic fields. The importance of the study lies, from the viewpoint of the researcher, in the fact that it is a new study that sheds light on the immortal Mu’allaqat that represent the pride of the traditional Arab heritage. The study is composed of an introduction, four chapters, the conclusion and a list of sources and references. The four chapters were as follows: Chapter I: this chapter recognizes the importance of Al-Mu’allaqat to the grammarians. Its main topics were: the language and terminology of Al-Mu’allaqat , and their composers; the opening of Al-Mu’allaqat and its importance to the scholars, and to the grammarians such as Sibawayh and Thalab. Chapter 2: The relative pronouns and letters in the grammar lesson. Its topics were: the definition of the relative pronouns and letters, language and terminology, and types of relative pronouns and relative clauses, their references, and the importance the link between them. Chapter 3: The relative clauses and letters in Al-Mu’allaqat. Its topics were: the relative clauses, a table of the relative clauses and the relative letters, a table of the relative letters, the relative clause, their references, the structural locations of the relative pronouns in Al-Mu’allaqat and the structural locations of the relative letters. Chapter 4: The relative clauses and letters in Al-Mu’allaqat as a semantic study. Its topics were: the definition of semantics, language and terminology, the sectors of semantics, the importance of semantics and the theory of context and the theory of semantic fields. The researcher adopted, in this study, the descriptive approach, the historical method and the statistical method. The study resulted in a series of results, the most important of which are: The study showed that both Sibawayh, of the visual school, and Thalab have quoted verses from Al-Mu’allaqat, regardless of their composers. Moreover, the study indicated the existence of relative synonyms, though they were limited in number. The researcher has counted on many old and modern sources, including: Al-Sabban footnotes, Alfiyat Bin Malik, Explanation of Shuthoth Al Thahab, Al Nahow El Wafi, and Al Nahow El Mussafa and others.